Pyogenic Granuloma

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary haemangioma) is a benign overgrowth of small blood vessels in the skin. Despite the name, it is not caused by infection and does not contain pus. Pyogenic granulomas are not cancerous and do not cause any long-term harm.

Who gets it?

They occur most often in children and young adults, and pregnancy makes them more likely, especially on the gums.

What causes it?

The cause is not known. Most pyogenic granulomas appear without any obvious reason, though some develop at the site of a minor injury. Pregnancy and some medicines, such as acne retinoids and the contraceptive pill, have been associated with them.

Is it hereditary or contagious?

Pyogenic granulomas are not inherited and are not contagious.

What does it look and feel like?

A pyogenic granuloma is a bright red, shiny, moist lump that grows quickly over a few weeks before it stops growing. It is usually less than 1 cm across. Some look like a raspberry, and others are attached to the skin by a narrow stalk. Over time they can become darker, and they may develop a crust after bleeding.

They bleed very easily, often with only a light knock, and can bleed heavily or ooze repeatedly. They are not usually painful.

The most common sites are the fingers, face and scalp. They can also appear on the lips, gums or inside the mouth, especially in pregnancy, and occasionally within a birthmark.

How is it diagnosed?

A pyogenic granuloma is usually diagnosed from its appearance and its history of rapid growth and bleeding. As other growths, some skin cancers among them, can look much the same, it is normally removed and checked under the microscope to be sure of the diagnosis.

What are the treatment options?

Dr Mounsey will assess the lump and, as some skin cancers can look similar, usually recommends removal so that it can be checked under the microscope. Pyogenic granulomas are generally removed by shave excision or curettage with cautery to the base to stop bleeding, both of which he carries out himself. Larger or recurring lesions may be removed by excision. Treatment during pregnancy may be delayed if the lesion is small, as it may shrink after delivery.

What is the outlook?

Pyogenic granulomas are harmless. They rarely disappear completely on their own, although some shrink and fade, particularly those that develop in pregnancy, which often settle after the baby is born. Up to 15 in 100 come back after removal.

More information

British Association of Dermatologists patient leaflet: https://www.bad.org.uk/pils/pyogenic-granulomas

This page gives general information only and is not a substitute for a consultation. Everyone's skin is different, and what is right for you will depend on your own circumstances. If you are worried about a skin problem, please book an appointment with Dr Mounsey or speak to your GP. If you have a mole or skin lesion that is changing, bleeding or growing quickly, please seek medical advice promptly.